Test of 25% Ethanol Extract of Betel Nut as a Burn Wound Healing Agent in Male White Mice

Muhammad Farhan; Fathnur Sani Kasmadi; Humaryanto Humaryanto; Erni  Kusdiyah; Huntari  Harahap

doi:10.35451/adcwgh75

Authors

Muhammad Farhan Universitas Jambi
Fathnur Sani Kasmadi Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Jambi
Humaryanto Humaryanto Departemen bedah ortopedi fakultas kedokteran dan ilmu Kesehatan universitas jambi
Erni Kusdiyah Departemen kedokteran fakultas kedokteran dan ilmu Kesehatan universitas jambi
Huntari Harahap Departemen kedokteran fakultas kedokteran dan ilmu Kesehatan universitas jambi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35451/adcwgh75

Keywords:

Areca catechu, ethanol extract, areca nut, burns, wound healing

Abstract

Burns are a serious injury that requires effective therapy to accelerate the healing process. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 25% ethanol extract of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) on healing second-degree burns in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The extract was obtained through a maceration method and characterized for its secondary metabolite content. A total of 25 rats were divided into five groups: a negative control (Vaseline flavum), a positive control (Bioplacenton®), and three treatment groups with extract concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%. The topical preparation was applied daily for 21 days, then clinical observations were carried out in the form of wound diameter measurements and histopathological analysis (re-epithelialization, collagenization, angiogenesis, and the number of fibroblasts). Phytochemical results showed that the extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and steroids. Clinically, the treatment group with a concentration of 6% showed the greatest reduction in wound diameter (56.6%) compared to the low concentration extract group and the negative control, although not exceeding the positive control. Histological analysis showed more even re-epithelialization, increased fibroblasts, and a more organized collagen fiber arrangement in the 6% group. These findings indicate that a 25% ethanol extract of areca nut has the potential to accelerate burn wound healing through antioxidant, antimicrobial, astringent, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, although its effectiveness is still below standard therapy. Further research is needed to optimize the dosage and formulation for its development as an affordable, natural-based alternative phytotherapy.

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