Evaluation of Inpatient Antibiotic Use at Hospital X, Semarang Regency, in 2023 Using Quantitative Methods

Authors

  • Ivana Universitas Setia Budi
  • Avianti Eka Dewi Aditya Purwaningsih Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Setia Budi, Surakarta
  • Fadhila Shaumi Chunaesiana Instalasi Farmasi, RSUD Dr. Gondo Suwarno, Ungaran Barat

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35451/q734wz44

Keywords:

Bacterial infection, Antibiotic, Resistance, Defined Daily Dose (DDD), Drug utilization , Drug Utilization (Du 90%).

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a critical global health problem resulting from the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Understanding the pattern of antibiotic utilization is necessary to support rational prescribing and reduce resistance.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic use among inpatients at Hospital X in Semarang Regency in 2023. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among inpatients aged 19–59 years who received antibiotic therapy between January and December 2023. Data were analyzed using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose method and Drug Utilization 90% to assess consumption patterns. Results: A total of 1,402 patients were included, with most patients being female and within the 49–59 age group. The majority of hospital stays lasted 1–5 days. Ceftriaxone injection is the most frequently used antibiotic and records the highest defined daily dose, followed by levofloxacin and ampicillin sulbactam. Conclusion: The study shows that ceftriaxone injection dominates antibiotic utilization. Regular evaluation using standardized methods is essential to ensure appropriate use and prevent resistance. Antibiotic procurement policies should be guided by actual consumption data to improve efficiency in drug management.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Joegijantoro R. Penyakit Infeksi. Malang: Intimedia Kelompok Intrans Publishing; 2019.

2. Sengupta S, Chattopadhyay MK, Grossart HP. The Multifaceted roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature. Front Microbiol. 2013;47.

3. Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. P T. 2015;277–83.

4. WHO. Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance. Paris: World Health Organization; 2014.

5. CDC. Antibiotic Resistant Threats. United States: Central of Disease Control; 2013.

6. CDC. Antibiotic Resistant Threats in the United States. Atlanta: Central of Disease Control; 2019.

7. WHO. Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment. Paris: World Health Organization; 2018.

8. Armal K, Mulyani T, Safitri N. Evaluasi Kuantitas Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Bangsal Anak Rumah Sakit Islam Ibnu Sina Bukittinggi. Afiyah. 2022;

9. Tang KK, Millar BC, Moore JE. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Br J Biomed Sci. 2023;11387.

10. Luyt, Charles E. Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2014;5.

11. Cherkaoui A, Jacques S. Total Laboratory Automation for Rapid Detection and Identification of Microorganisms and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;

12. Ingersoll MA. Sex differences shape the response to infectious disease. PLoS Pathog. 2017;

13. Pratama S. Monitoring penggunaan antibiotik di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUD Kerinci. Ris Inf Kesehat. 2019;57–62.

14. Lubis SP, Astuti C. Analisis Efisiensi Penggunaan Tempat Tidur di RSJ Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Medan Per Ruangan Berdasarkan Indikator Rawat Inap di Triwulan 1 Tahun 2018. J Ilm Perekam dan Inf Kesehat Imelda. 2018;466–72.

15. Syafitri DM, Yerlina. Analisis Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap Beda di RSUD Raja Ahmad Tabib. J Penelit Farm Indones. 2024;65–72.

16. Kemenkes R. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 tentang Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2021.

17. Hashary AR, Manggau M, Kasim H. Analisis Efektivitas dan Efek Samping Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Maj Farm dan Farmakol. 2018;52–5.

18. Rachmawati S, Masito DK, Rachmawati E. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Anak Rawat Inap di RSD Dr. Soebandi Jember. Galen J Pharm. 2020;212–20.

19. Fazriyah N. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Pasien Bedah Apendektomi dengan Metode ATC/DDD dan DU 90% di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cengkareng Periode Januari-Desember 2016. [Jakarta]: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah; 2017.

20. Muawan HH. Evaluasi Kuantitatif Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk Pasien Rawat Inap di RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang Tahun 2021. [Yogyakarta]: Universitas Islam Indonesia; 2022.

21. Azyenela L, Tobat SR, Selvia L. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik di Instalasi Rawat Inap Bedah RSUD M. Natsir Kota Solok Tahun 2020. J Mandala Pharmacon Indones. 2022;1–10.

22. Wulandari S, Pranata C, Sihombing YR, Nasution MH. Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella thypi. Jurnal Farmasimed. 2020;102-108.

23. Meirita E, Sari A. Evaluasi Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Tahun 2022. Jurnal Farmasimed. 2022;73-79.

24. Monica C, Aminah S, Dalilla S. Evaluasi Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Antibiotik Pada Pasien Pneumonia Rawat Inap Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Deli Serdang. Jurnal Farmasimed. 2021;63-68.

25. Rahayu YS, Wulandari S, Pangestuti TA. Evaluasi Kualitatif Penggunaan Antibiotik Ceftriaxone Pada Pasien Demam Tyfoid Anak Ruangan Rawat Inao RSUD Deli Serdang. Jurnal Farmasimed. 2021;47-52.

Downloads

Published

2025-11-01

How to Cite

Evaluation of Inpatient Antibiotic Use at Hospital X, Semarang Regency, in 2023 Using Quantitative Methods. (2025). JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM), 8(1), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.35451/q734wz44