Antibacterial Activity of Sequential-Solvent Extracts of Kepundung Seeds (Baccaurea racemosa Müll.Arg.) against Salmonella Typhi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.4000Keywords:
Baccaurea racemosa, Kepundung Seeds, Salmonella typhi, Antibacterial, Sequential ExtractionAbstract
Background: Kepundung seeds (Baccaurea racemosa Müll.Arg.) are a natural source of various secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial properties. The utilization of bioactive compounds from this plant offers an alternative approach to developing natural antibacterial agents, particularly against Salmonella Typhi, the bacterium responsible for typhoid fever. Objective: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts obtained through sequential extraction of kepundung seeds against Salmonella Typhi. Methods: The dried plant material was extracted using sequential maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed to identify secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL, with ciprofloxacin as the positive control and 1% DMSO as the negative control. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The extraction yields of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol were 7.71%, 7.14%, and 9.43%, respectively. At 200 mg/mL, the ethanol extract exhibited the largest inhibition zone (23.02 ± 0.02 mm), followed by ethyl acetate (9.70 ± 0.51 mm) and n-hexane (5.56 ± 0.01 mm). Ciprofloxacin produced an inhibition zone of 40.32 ± 0.02 mm. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of kepundung seeds demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhi compared with the other extracts, with a tendency toward increased antibacterial activity at higher extract concentrations.
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