Enhancing Elderly Patient Safety Through a Health Belief Model (HBM)-Based Intervention for the Prevention of Injury Risk in the Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.4005Keywords:
Health Belief Model, patient safety, older adults, injury prevention, Clinic X Pagar MerbauAbstract
Background: Fall-related injuries are a significant health concern among older adults, contributing to increased morbidity and reduced quality of life. Educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) have the potential to improve awareness and injury prevention behaviors. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of HBM-based interventions in improving patient safety among older adults through injury risk prevention at Clinic X Pagar Merbau. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach involving 60 older adult patients selected through purposive sampling. The HBM-based educational intervention was conducted over four weeks through health education sessions, interactive discussions, fall prevention demonstrations, risk identification, and educational materials. The study variables included knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, injury prevention behaviors, and patient safety. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test at a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean knowledge score increased from 64.8 ± 9.7 to 89.6 ± 6.4 (p<0.001). Perceived susceptibility and benefits of prevention increased from 62.3% to 88.1%, while self-efficacy increased from 60.5% to 87.4%. Injury prevention behaviors improved by 38.5%. The patient safety score increased from 66.2 ± 8.9 to 91.1 ± 5.3 (p<0.001). The incidence of falls decreased from 16.7% to 3.3%. Conclusion: HBM-based education may improve patient safety among older adults by enhancing knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and injury prevention behaviors. This approach has the potential to be integrated into primary healthcare services as a promotive and preventive strategy.
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