Immunostimulatory Activity of Opu-Opu (Crinum asiaticum L.) Leaf Extract on Lymphocyte Proliferation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v9i1.4076Keywords:
Crinum asiaticum, Opu-opu leaf, Lymphocyte proliferation, MTT assay, ImmunostimulantAbstract
Background: Opu-opu leaves (Crinum asiaticum L.) are medicinal plant materials containing various secondary metabolites with potential immunomodulatory activities. Immunostimulatory activity can be evaluated by examining lymphocyte responses, which play an essential role in adaptive immunity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of ethanolic extract of opu-opu leaves (Crinum asiaticum L.) on lymphocyte proliferation as a potential immunostimulatory agent. Methods: This experimental study involved extracting opu-opu leaves by maceration using 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), while lymphocyte proliferation-related activity was evaluated using the MTT assay. The extract was tested at concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 µg/mL, with Imboost® serving as the positive control. Cellular activity was assessed based on absorbance measurements and the Effective Concentration (EC50) value. Results: Extraction of 500 g of dried plant material yielded 12.25 g of extract, corresponding to a yield of 2.45%. The reported EC50 values were 4.446 µg/mL for the opu-opu leaf extract and 4.282 µg/mL for Imboost®. Extract absorbance increased with concentration, reaching 0.234 ± 0.05, 0.261 ± 0.05, 0.341 ± 0.04, and 0.432 ± 0.01, respectively. The highest absorbance was observed at 25 µg/mL, compared with 0.234 ± 0.01 in the negative control. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of opu-opu leaves demonstrated potential immunostimulatory activity, as indicated by increased lymphocyte metabolic activity measured using the MTT assay. However, direct confirmation of lymphocyte proliferation and further safety evaluation are required to support its development as an immunostimulatory agent.
Downloads
References
1. Marbun R, Suwarso E, Yuandani. Immunomodulatory effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris L. in male rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018;11(Special Issue 1):245–7.
2. Chaichompoo W, Rojsitthisak P, Supaweera N, Poldorn P, Pabuprapap W, Chunglok W, et al. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with nitric oxide inhibitory activity from the leaves of Crinum asiaticum L. var. asiaticum. Phytochemistry [Internet]. 2025;233(January):114383. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114383
3. Akram M, Hamid A, Khalil A, Ghaffar A, Tayyaba N, Saeed A, et al. Review on medicinal uses, pharmacological, phytochemistry and immunomodulatory activity of plants. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014;27(3):313–9.
4. Kongkwamcharoen C, Itharat A, Pipatrattanaseree W, Ooraikul B. Effects of Various Preextraction Treatments of Crinum asiaticum Leaf on Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Chemical Properties. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2021;2021.
5. Hosseinzade A, Sadeghi O, Biregani AN, Soukhtehzari S, Brandt GS, Esmaillzadeh A. Immunomodulatory effects of flavonoids: Possible induction of T CD4+ regulatory cells through suppression of mTOR pathway signaling activity. Front Immunol. 2019;10(JAN):1–12.
6. Ribeiro D, Proenca C, Rocha S, Lima JLFC, Carvalho F, Fernandes E, et al. Immunomodulatory Effects of Flavonoids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(28):3374–412.
7. Mahomoodally MF, Sadeer NB, Suroowan S, Jugreet S, Lobine D, Rengasamy KRR. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, toxicity and pharmacological benefits of poison bulb – Crinum asiaticum L. South African J Bot [Internet]. 2021;136:16–29. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.06.004
8. Sihombing YR, Fitri Siska. Activity Test of Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Immunoglobulin G Expressionas an Immunostimulatory Agent. J Farm. 2025;8(1):220–7.
9. Situmorang NB, Andy Febriady. Optimization of the Preventive Potential of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) as a Natural Biofilter Against Cigarette SmokeExposure Through TNF-α Expression. J Farm. 2025;8(1):228–35.
10. Anna R, Marbun T, Anggraeni R, Sihombing YR. Sosialisasi dan Edukasi Pemanfaatan Hydrogel Nanokitosan Ekstrak Belut Sawah ( Monopterus albus ) sebagai Kandidat Anti-Aging Masa Depan Berbasis Inovasi Bahan Alam Lokal Socialization and Education on Hydrogel Nanokitosan from Belut Sawah ( Monopterus al. J PENGMAS KESTRA. 2025;5(December):225–30.
11. Chattaraj S, Das Mohapatra PK. Immunostimulatory and antagonistic potential of the methanolic extract of Oedogonium intermedium SCB in Cirrhinus reba challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquac Int [Internet]. 2024;32(3):2523–48. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01283-5
12. Anna R, Marbun T, Rotua Sihombing Y, Anggraeni R. Anti-Aging Activity Test and Physical Stability Evaluation of NanoCream Containing Ethanolic Extract of Binara Herb (Artemisia vulgaris L.). J Farm [Internet]. 2026;8(2):1165–73. Available from: https://ejournal.medistra.ac.id/index.php/JFM/article/view/3440
13. Anna R, Marbun T, Sitorus P. Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia vulgaris L. ethanol extract and its marker compound on antibody and cytokine release in non-immunosuppressed and immunosuppressed rats. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2025;9(March):1228–31.
14. Chikkamath V, Kulkarni V, Habbu P, Nagappa AN. In vitro and In vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Hydro Ethanolic Extract of Grewia hirsuta Vahl. Int J Pharm Investig. 2024;14(2):539–46.
15. Roszczyk A, Turło J, Zagożdżon R, Kaleta B. Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(16).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Romauli Anna Marbun, Ratih Anggraeni, Desy Lustiyani Rajagukguk, Nisa Elhasanah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright in each article is the property of the Author.
