Survival Analysis of Tuberculosis in Children: Environmental and Family Behavior Factors in Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35451/4ffswc96Keywords:
childhood tuberculosis, survival analysis, environmental factors, family behaviorAbstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a significant public health issue, particularly in the context of household transmission. This study aimed to analyze the time-to-event of TB incidence among children and to identify environmental and family behavioral factors influencing its occurrence in Medan Tuntungan District, Medan City, in 2025. This study employed an analytical observational design with a retrospective cohort approach and survival analysis. A total of 40 children aged 6–10 years were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods, Log-Rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression. The results showed that the median time to TB incidence was 8 months. Significant factors associated with TB incidence in children included exposure to cigarette smoke (HR=3.12; p<0.05), poor household ventilation (HR=2.78; p<0.05), household crowding (HR=2.15; p<0.05), and inadequate family preventive behavior (HR=2.40; p<0.05). In conclusion, environmental and family behavioral factors play a crucial role in determining the timing of TB incidence in children. Survival analysis provides a more comprehensive understanding of risk periods and determinants. TB prevention strategies should focus on improving household environmental conditions and family health behaviors.
Downloads
References
[1] TB Indonesia. (2024). Laporan Program Penanggulangan TBC 2023.
[2] Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2025). Indonesia’s Movement to End TB.
[3] Alomedika. (2025). Epidemiologi Tuberkulosis pada Anak.
[4] RS Advent Bandung. (2024). Tuberkulosis pada Anak di Indonesia.
[5] Universitas Airlangga. (2025). Infeksi Laten Tuberkulosis pada Anak.
[6] RSP Respira Yogyakarta. (2025). Hubungan Stunting dan Tuberkulosis pada Anak.
[7] Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 67 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis. Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia.
[8] Kementerian PANRB. (2024). Data Kasus TB di Indonesia.
[9] Endalew, G., et al. (2025). Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among children on ART: Cox regression approach. International Journal of Public Health.
[10] Aufa, R., et al. (2024). Analysis of risk factors affecting survival in tuberculosis patients: A systematic review. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat.
[11] Siddalingaiah, N., et al. (2023). Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among pediatric populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Pediatrics.
[12] Simanjuntak, P.M.B., et al. (2025). Factors associated with tuberculosis among child household contacts in urban settings. International Journal of Health Sciences.
[13] Dessritina, P. (2023). Analisis survival pada pasien tuberkulosis resisten obat. Jurnal Kesehatan Primer Nusantara.
[14] Antika, B. R., Perdana, A. A., et al. (2025). Analisis survival keberhasilan pengobatan pasien tuberkulosis. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas, 14(1), 81–91.
[15] Maulinda, W. N., Hernawati, S., & Marchianti, A. (2021). Pengaruh kepadatan hunian terhadap TB paru. Jurnal MID-Z, 4(2), 38–40.
[16] Ferdianysyah, G. (2024). Pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru. Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, 7(1), 56–64.
[17] Nuraini, N., Suhartono, S., & Raharjo, M. (2022). Faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dan TB paru. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 21(2), 210–218.
[18] Nasution, F. A. Z., & Freesia, A. (2025). Hubungan ventilasi rumah dengan kejadian TB paru. Ibnu Sina: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 24(1), 49–59.
[19] Karbito, K., Muslim, A., & Helmy, H. (2024). Analisis faktor paparan terhadap infeksi TB laten. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 23(3), 311–319.
[20] Razak, R. (2025). Kondisi lingkungan rumah terhadap kasus TB. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat.
[21] Wahyu, A., Mukminat, K., Fauziyah, N., Fayyad, Z., & Inayah, Z. (2024). Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan pangan keluarga di Desa Suci Kecamatan Manyar Kabupaten Gresik Jawa Timur. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat & Gizi, 6(2), 239–243.
[22] Rizki, F. T., Novita, I. P., Tri, I. W., Qonik, O., & Inayah, Z. (2024). Hubungan beberapa faktor dengan perilaku merokok pada kalangan mahasiswa di Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat & Gizi, 6(2), 223–229.
[23] Anantasari, P., Prasetyo, A., & Pinardi, T. (2024). Faktor risiko komponen rumah terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru. Jurnal Profesi Kesehatan Masyarakat, 5(1), 29–33.
[24] Syukur, A., Yulia, Y., & Istikomah, N. R. (2024). Lingkungan rumah dan kejadian TB pada anak. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, 4(6), 3795–3806.
[25] Sari, D. (2024). Faktor risiko kondisi fisik rumah terhadap TB. Ranah Research Journal.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Novrika Silalahi, Pitto Pratiwi Malau
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright in each article is the property of the Author.
