Analysis of pregnant women's behavior in preventing preeclampsia based on the health belief model theory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35451/jkg.v9i1.3634Keywords:
Preeclampsi; behavior;, knowledge, attitude, practice, Health Belief ModelAbstract
Preeclampsia is one of the pregnancy complications that remains a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. The high incidence of preeclampsia indicates that promotive and preventive efforts are still not optimal, particularly those related to maternal health behavior. This study aimed to analyze the behavior of pregnant women in preventing preeclampsia based on the Health Belief Model approach at Setio Husodo Kisaran Hospital. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all pregnant women who attended antenatal care, totaling 735 individuals, with a sample of 88 respondents determined using the Slovin formula and consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square), and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses. The results showed that the majority of respondents had poor knowledge (53.4%) and attitudes (54.5%), although most had good practices (53.5%); however, overall preeclampsia prevention behavior was still low (58.0%). Bivariate analysis revealed significant relationships between knowledge (p=0.000), attitude (p=0.000), and practice (p=0.005) with preeclampsia prevention. Multivariate analysis indicated that all three variables simultaneously influenced preeclampsia prevention, with knowledge as the most dominant factor (OR=6.5), followed by attitude (OR=4.1) and practice (OR=3.8). In conclusion, knowledge, attitude, and practice play important roles in preeclampsia prevention, with knowledge being the most dominant factor. Therefore, comprehensive and sustainable educational interventions are needed to improve preventive behaviors among pregnant women.
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