Closed kinetic chain (CKC) Exercise In Knee Joint Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35451/b9tpv488Keywords:
latihan closed kinetic chain, rehabilitasi muskuloskeletal, sendi lutut, fungsi fisik, keseimbangan, kemampuan gerakAbstract
Musculoskeletal disorders of the knee joint are common health problems that can cause pain, decreased physical function, and limitations in daily activities. This study aimed to synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of closed kinetic chain exercises on pain, physical function, balance, and mobility in musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the knee joint. This study used a narrative review approach. Articles were obtained from the Scopus database within the 2020–2025 period using relevant keywords. The selection process was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in five eligible articles for further analysis. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. The results show that closed kinetic chain exercises provide benefits in musculoskeletal rehabilitation, especially in knee joint disorders. These exercises reduce pain, improve muscle strength, enhance balance and postural stability, and increase physical function and mobility. The discussion indicates that these exercises support functional movement patterns and coordinated muscle activation, making them effective in improving joint stability. In conclusion, closed kinetic chain exercises are an effective intervention for musculoskeletal rehabilitation in knee joint disorders as they improve joint stability, muscle strength, and functional movement.
Downloads
References
[1] H. J. Michael, H. D. Pham, L. S. K. Li, M. Hannington, and M. G. King, “The Efficacy of Closed Versus Open Kinetic Chain Exercise,” Physiother. Res. Int. -, pp. 1–18, 2025, doi: 10.1002/pri.70105.
[2] WHO, “Rehabilitation 2030.” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/publications/b/54199
[3] G. M. Pamboris, K. Pavlou, E. Paraskevopoulos, and A. A. Mohagheghi, “Effect of open vs. closed kinetic chain exercises in ACL rehabilitation on knee joint pain, laxity, extensor muscles strength, and function: a systematic review with meta-analysis,” Front. Sport. Act. Living, no. June, pp. 1–21, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1416690.
[4] J. Kang, J. Y. Lee, and I. B. Park, “Open Versus Closed Kinetic Chain : Exercise Effects on Center of Pressure and Y-Balance in Middle-Aged Women with Knee osteoarthritis — A Randomized controlled trial,” healthcare, vol. 13, no. 2173, pp. 1–15, 2025, doi: 10.3390/healthcare13172173.
[5] A. Fadil, Q. I. Muaidi, M. S. Alayat, N. A. AlMatrafi, M. S. Subahi, and M. A. Alshehri, “The Effectiveness of closed kinetic chain exercises in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” PLoS One, vol. 20, no. 5, p. e0322475, May 2025.
[6] N. Abdo, E. F. Youssef, and M. M. Ibrahim, “Efficacy of adding manual therapy to hip and knee exercises in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial,” Sci. Rep., vol. 15, no. 2655, pp. 1–14, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17453-9.
[7] W. H. Ng, N. I. Jamaludin, F. N. A. Sahabuddin, S. A. Rahman, A. A. Shokri, and S. Shaharudin, “Comparison of the open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain strengthening exercises on pain perception and lower limb biomechanics of patients with mild knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial protocol,” Trials, vol. 23, no. 1. p. 315, 2022. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06153-8.
[8] G. Büyükyilmaz, B. Menek, and D. Tarakçi, “Closed kinetic chain exercises Therapy Versus Wii-Based Exergame Therapy in the Treatment of Knee osteoarthritis : Randomized controlled trial,” Arch Heal. Sci Res, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 133–139, 2024, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2024.23139.
[9] B. Ayık, O. Armağan, and F. Bakılan, “Comparison of open and closed kinetic chain exercises on vastus medialis and vastus medialis oblique in patellofemoral pain syndrome : A randomized , single-blinded , prospective study,” Turk J Phys Med Rehab, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 216–225, 2025, doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2025.15971.
[10] T. P. Isleyen, E. Tarakci, G. Leblebici, I. Yeldan, and B. Zulfikar, “Comparison of Efficiency of Closed kinetic chain exercises Versus Proprioceptive Exercises in Improving Balance and Gait in People With Hemophilia : Protocol for a Randomized controlled trial Corresponding Author :,” JMIR Res. Protoc., vol. 14, no. e66770, pp. 1–13, 2025, doi: 10.2196/66770.
[11] Y. Kultur, E. Harbiyeli, H. Botanlioglu, and M. K. Ozsahin, “Evaluation of the results of closed kinetic chain exercises applied in the conservative treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome by means of shear wave elastography : A randomized controlled trial,” Sport, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 1–9, 2024, doi: 10.1177/10225536241280384.
[12] R. F. Escamilla, T. D. Macleod, K. E. Wilk, L. Paulos, and J. R. Andrews, “Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Tensile Forces for Weight-Bearing and Non–Weight-Bearing Exercises: A Guide to Exercise Selection,” J. Orthop. Sport. Phys. Ther., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 208–220, 2012, doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3768.
[13] D. A. Neumann, Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System-E-Book: Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Kinesiology_of_the_Musculoskeletal_Syste.html?id=4GRgDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
[14] C. Kisner, “Therapeutic exercise : foundations and techniques.” pp. 615–623, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://fadavispt.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookID=3279
[15] A. Mohamed, K. Ghuiba, D. S. A. Allah, and N. A. Fayaz, “Effect of adding short foot exercise to hip and knee focused exercises in treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome : a randomized controlled trial,” J. Orthop. Surg. Res., vol. 19, no. 207, pp. 1–9, 2024, doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-04688-x.
[16] Z. Xiong, W. Zheng, H. Wang, Y. Gao, and C. Wang, “Effects of functional strength training on pain , function , and lower extremity biomechanics in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome : a randomized clinical trial,” J. Orthop. Surg. Res., vol. 20, no. 50, pp. 1–9, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05482-z.
[17] R. Hansen, C. Brushøj, M. S. Rathleff, S. P. Magnusson, and M. Henriksen, “Quadriceps or hip exercises for patellofemoral pain ? A randomised controlled equivalence trial,” BMJ, vol. 57, pp. 1287–1294, 2023, doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106197.
[18] J. An, Y. Son, and B. Lee, “Effect of Combined Kinematic Chain Exercise on Physical Function , Balance Ability , and Gait in Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty : A Single-Blind Randomized controlled trial,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 20, no. 3524, pp. 1–14, 2023, doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043524.
[19] P. Henrique et al., “Effects of two gait retraining programs on pain , function , and lower limb kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain : A randomized controlled trial,” PLoS One, vol. 24, no. Md, pp. 1–15, 2024, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295645.
[20] Q. Hong, H. Wang, X. Liu, W. Zhou, X. Zhang, and X. Luo, “Home-based exercise program and Health education in patients with patellofemoral pain : a randomized controlled trial,” BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., vol. 24, no. 896, pp. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-07027-z.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Peri Arista, I Made Astika Yasa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright in each article is the property of the Author.
